Abstract This study compared Belgian and Quebec mothers’ emotional profiles and socialization of the emotions of their children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It explored whether emotion-related reactions and conversations vary depending on children’s or mothers’ factors and culture. It examined the ex tent to which these maternal practices are linked with and predicted by children’s Theory of Mind (ToM) or emotion regulation. The participants were 52 children from Quebec and 49 from Belgium, matched for age and se verity of autism, and their mothers. In questionnaires, mothers reported on their own educational level, emotional openness, reactions to and conversations about emotions, and on their child’s ASD symptoms, personality, ToM and emotion regulation. Independent t-tests showed that Belgian children had weaker emotion regulation than Quebec children, but similar levels in ToM; Belgian mothers were less emotionally open, they displayed less socialization of child’s positive emotions, less problem-focused and encouragement of expression to child’s negative emotions, and conversed less frequent ly about emotions with their child, than Quebec mothers. Other maternal reactions and the variety of emotional terms used were similar. In the whole sample, positive correlations were obtained between emotional verbs or terms used in conversations and children’s ToM and emotion regulation. Hierarchical regressions showed that reactions to negative emotions, involving mi nimizing, comforting, focusing on the problem and encouraging expression, partly vary according to maternal emotional openness, educational level and culture; socialization of positive emotions partly varies according to culture and educational level. Three reactions to negative emotions were partially predicted by culture and child’s age, the severity of ASD and ToM. Socialization of positive emotions was partially predicted by child’s age, severity of ASD and emotion regulation. Conversations about emotions varied depending on culture, child’s age and severity of ASD. These conversations were linked positively with supportive reactions to negative and positive emotions.

Abstract This study aims first to compare Belgian and Quebec mothers’ emotion related reactions toward typically developing (TD) children and children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and examine whether these practices vary de pending on individual factors and culture. Second, it investigates to which ex tent these maternal reactions contribute to Theory of Mind (ToM), emotion regulation and social skills in these children. The participants were 72 children with and without ID matched on developmental age and their mothers from Belgium and Quebec. Mothers completed questionnaires on their reactions to emotions felt by their children’s and on the children’s socio-emotional abilities. One-way MANCOVAs indicated effects only for ID samples of culture, considering maternal educational level as a covariate, on maternal unsupportive reactions to negative emotions and, specifically, on unsupportive (punition and minimization) and supportive (problem-focused, comforting and encouragement) reactions to negative emotions. Correlational and stepwise regression analyses showed that individual factors, such as developmental age, ID factor in children, mothers’ educational level and culture explained a percentage of the variance in mothers’ reactions to positive or negative emotions in children. Moreover, individual factors and mothers’ reactions to positive or negative emotions in children explained a percentage of the variance in child ren’s ToM abilities, emotion regulation and social skills. Findings highlighted the importance of considering cultural and educational factors as well as individual characteristics to understand how ToM, emotion regulation and social adjustment in children with and without ID are influenced by these factors in addition to parents’ reactions to emotions. It provides useful information for assisting parents in supporting their child’s socio-emotional abilities.

Abstract The absence of the child boy in the household, a problem that has hardly been studied by researchers in the human and social sciences, specifically by clinical psychologists, is one of the modalities of marital suffering in certain couples in traditional black Africa. The birth of a male child, a neglected parameter in some societies, is more of an injunction that fits into the cultural values of most Cameroonian ethnic groups. This article aims to explain the anxiety-depressive behavior observed in infertile couples confronted with assisted reproduction in a context where the culture requires a male child, the future guarantor of the lineage, but where the preimplantation diagnosis does not allow the choice of the sex of the embryo. Data for this study were collected from the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale and semi-structured interview; with 5 infertile couples; all desirous of conceiving not only a child but a male child, with a view to killing two birds with one stone; taking into account the cultural constraints and the exorbitant cost which does not favor several tests. The age of participants is between 30 and 37 years for women; 35 and 43 years for men. The content analysis technique in its formal variant led to the conclusion that the anxiety depressive disorders observed in infertile couples who are confronted with ART could be explained by the non-authorization of the choice of sex via the Preimplantation diagnosis, in a context where the presence of a male child is a cultural constraint. They find themselves in a failure of loyalty vis-à-vis their family, in-laws and the entire community.

Abstract This work deals with the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) process, of an infertile spouse who faces a proposal for Artificial Insemination with Donor (AID), in a cultural context where male infertility is still taboo and where this practice is not yet really anchored in manners. Indeed, research in clinical psychology does not sufficiently consider this aspect of the suffering in the couple. However, according to ethno-psychiatric theory, the therapeutic route of the African patient depends largely on cultural representations of his disease. This work aims to study the repercussions of the suffering of an infertile African spouse on his ART/AID process. This research was con ducted with three infertile men ranging in age from 37 to 44; after experiencing the failure of the first ART attempt, they were called upon to undergo an AID protocol. Data were collected using semi-structured individual research interviews and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs). These data were analyzed using content analysis technique. Thus, the suffering of the infertile spouse at this level can be justified by cultural constraints, the shame of the social gaze, the secrecy maintained by the culture on this practice. Sometimes, this spouse perceives his infertility as the con sequence of villain-induced mystical persecution; which generates tensions between him and his spouse, his family and those close to him. Under the cultural pressure that demands a blood child, this ART/AID process is camouflaged by shame, doubt about the quality of the unborn child and even about the competence of the medical workers. The positive diagnosis of anxio-depressive syndrome in the participants after analysis of the HADs scores would also be justified by the absence of psychological care in the ART/AID process.

Abstract Ethics and compliance programs are imperative for all types of business organizations. That is because they ensure that businesses operate according to the demands of the law, and that they maintain their reputation among their customer bases. For instance, ethics and compliance programs may require organizations to conduct external audits on their financial information every once in a while, to ascertain that they are compliant with financial fair play regulations. As such, it is important for businesses to ensure their human power follows the ethical and compliance guidelines to avoid any legal or reputational issues. For businesses to ensure that their employees are com pliant, it is important for them to consider the psychological factors that in fluence human behavior. That is because they will indicate whether the hu man factor will remain compliant with the set rules and regulations. In this study, the objective will be to prove that psychological factors are essential when adopting ethics and compliance programs, so as to show the psycho logical factors for organizations to consider. Ideally, human behavior is significantly influenced by motivation, attitudes, and perception, and these are the factors that the research will focus on analyzing.

Abstract There has been a sustained research activity in investigating academic entrepreneurship. Although women are less likely to be involved in entrepreneur ship than men, the research investigating the entrepreneurship of academic women has received limited attention. This paper investigates the influences on the entrepreneurial activities of women academics by conducting a literature review. Individual and educational background factors, such as management education, human capital, as well as being in a senior faculty position affect the entrepreneurial propensity of female academics in a positive way, while age and institute directorships have a negative influence on entrepreneurship. However, equal gender distributions of professorship, of a selection of specific disciplines, such as engineering or physical science, and of previous business experience would contribute to closing the gender gap and would be a catalyst for women academics to become entrepreneurs. This pa per fills the research gap on systematizing the research on factors that influence entrepreneurial activities of female academics .

Abstract In everyday professional life, career counsellors are confronted with a variety of conflict situations. These conflicts are not related to clients only but also to problems with colleagues, with a service provider or with the team management. For the research group “behaviours of adolescents and young adults in their vocational and study orientation phase and their training and study success”, it was important to use the co-ping questionnaire for counsellors to find out which areas of conflict the 346 counsellors surveyed were confronted with, which coping strategies they used, how they assessed these strategies and what connections these behaviours had with personal attitudes and positions. The three most noticeable areas of stress for counsellors were problems with adolescents under 25 years of age and adults over 25 as well as problems with colleagues. Respondents reported that such events were perceived as un pleasant/stressful and were of great significance to them. According to a self-assessment, 72% of the counsellors were able to cope successfully with the problem. The predictability and duration of such problems had only a secondary influence on successful coping.

Abstract A series of studies over the past decade has examined the contributions of psychological and sociopsychological determinants of emotional intelligence (EI). The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of perceived pa rental styles in childhood to emotional intelligence as ability in late adolescence. A sample of 177 students in Cairo University (20.93 ± 1.284 years old) was selected and was administered with socialization inventory and modified Emotional Intelligence as ability scale. The finding indicated that perceived father’s tolerance predicted EI in males while mother's acceptance predicted EI in females. It can be concluded that differentiated parental socialization in childhood predicted EI in adolescence.

Abstract The study aims to evaluate PEACE’s effectiveness, a program that teaches positive emotions in patients after open-heart surgery. The sample consists of 15 patients (9 in the intervention group, 6 in the control group) aged 45 to 75. The results indicated a statistically significant improvement in anxiety, de pression, negative affect and life satisfaction in the intervention group. How ever, there were no differences for stress and positive emotions in post measures. The control group had no statistically significant changes. Also, the intervention group was superior to the control group in the post-measurements on all the variables, except for the positive emotions. Health and mental health professionals should attend PEACE (Positive Emotions after Acute Cardiac Events) training in order to offer overall caring to patients suffering from cardiac problem .

Abstract Introduction: The study’s objective is to explore the common behavior of the participants in four slow open groups taking part in a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills training. The experiment population consisted of two groups of adolescents and two of some of their parents or legal guardians. We compared the groups via their answers to the “absurd questionnaire” during the training sessions. Methods: the participants had to select one image in each of 50 pairs in a questionnaire (“absurd questionnaire”). In this experiment, we were able to administer a version of the questionnaire to the participants before forming the groups. We analyzed the differences between the four groups, considering their initial picture choices and how these evolved, the changes in the choices, the flux, and the answers’ focus. Results: The presence of a questionnaire administered before the group experience allows us to distinguish between socio-cultural orientation and group effects. A strong orientation precedes the group formation, is partially lost during the group activity and is eventually recovered at the end of the group work. In addition, there are apparent similarities between the same age groups (parents and adolescents), while family ties seem to play a lesser role in shaping the group’s behavior. Conclusions: The slow-open setting appears to render the groups more susceptible to the external environment. While we can observe the formation of a group identity distinguishable from the “clan loyalty” via a decrease in the initial orientation, this is short-lived, and the external environment asserts its eventual dominance. Family ties are less effective than gene rational kinship in shaping the groups’ behavior.