Abstract “Event”, as a mainstream in contemporary philosophy, remains its hot status in various research areas. Since it has experienced a “linguistic turn” in phi losophy, this paper mainly discusses the philosophical development of event ontology, event semantic, event relation and event process from some repre sentative philosophers. The research results indicate that events gradually gained their historical status in relation to substance, and they can be de scribed in a more dynamic and hierarchical way. Furthermore, this paper can also provide philosophical support to the study of corresponding concepts of time and space in literature, nouns and verbs in linguistics.

Abstract The reasons of the tragic suffering of women in the novel “White Deer Plain”are discussed. Three types of women facing feudal oppression are analyzed. The author of the novel “White Deer Plain” rethinks the traditional culture and shows its ruthlessness in some cases though it plays an important role in keeping social stability in feudal society. The novel shows author’s much sympathy on opposed women lived in feudal patriarchal system through sev eral typical women characters. The author praises the awakening of self-con sciousness of women and the rebelling spirit to the traditional culture. Though the author appreciates the traditional culture, he also realizes that part of the traditional Confucian culture is becoming the hindrance of history’s wheel.

Abstract The fairy tales are a cultural legacy continuing to have a powerful enchant ment. The story became traditional not by being created but by being retold over the centuries and accepted in changing environments. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, fairy tales are still thriving and have diverse forms of narrative representations. Mainstream cinema today even shows great in terest in producing fairy-tale films that seek to hold the attention of a global market with innovative and spectacular adaptations. This paper takes histori cal retrospect to survey dominant shifts in the reception of fairy tales, in par ticular the shift in a unique art form and narrative formula. From the féerie, Georges Méliès, Walt Disney, Angela Carter, and the twenty-first-century postmodern hybridity, the findings suggest that the representation of fairy tales shows a certain attitude towards the story, which reflects an aspect of cultural values, beliefs, and viewer preferences in the reception of fairy tales. Findings from this study also indicate that fairy-tale transmission is a feed back loop rolling around with tradition and innovation, taking on a meaning of their own.

Abstract This study looked at how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writers formulated macro and micro writing plans, as well as how they translated abstract ideas into concrete linguistic forms while completing a reading-to-write task. Results showed that most of the participants engaged in planning and translating processes during task completion. They appeared to focus on planning the text’s content, with little thought given to the intended readers or the piece’s genre and style. There is also evidence that the participants used micro-planning processes when planning at the sentence and paragraph levels, with the processes of selecting and connecting being used frequently to aid the micro-planning process. The results of the micro-planning process may have been stored in the minds of the participants in the form of abstract thoughts, which were then likely translated into verbal forms.

Abstract The Old Drift is a historical and fictional novel with magical realism to tell the decades-spanning story of African nations. It revealed kaleidoscopic variety of issues like family, generation, ethnical, national, and environmental problems through the description of several generations’ lives. This article will discuss the main issue of this novel: the problem of vaccine testing on African prostitutes. This essay explores Namwali Serpell’s novel The Old Drift through the lens of the interdisciplinary approach to provide the view on medical ethic and highlight the dehumanization of vaccine testing choosing African prostitutes as targets to fight against AIDS epidemic, which is full of ethnical and racial discrimination in this novel.

Abstract Created by John Barth in the mid-to-late period of his life, Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera (hereinafter referred to as Once Upon a Time) is one of Barth’s significant novels which explore various possibilities of literary creation. Once Upon a Time was claimed as “a memoir bottled in a novel” by its author, and the reality and fictionality intertwined by recourse to unusual narrative techniques which are probably unfamiliar to readers who are accustomed to read realistic works. In order to make clearer sense of the ways the author utilizes to achieve the dynamic unity of the reality and fictionality in the novel, this article employs theories of unnatural narratology to illustrate those unusual narratives on the basis of close reading of the literary text of the novel. On the ground of the analyses of the interaction between reality and fictionality based upon unnatural narratives, such as the unusual genre, the multiple identities of “I”, and the temporal loop, this article concludes that factuality and fictionality or life and art are complementary to each other, as the author of the novel describes that they are “coaxial esemplasy.

Abstract This research aims at addressing the translation of Najīb Maḥfūẓ’s AsSukriyyah by Sami Mikhail into Hebrew. In the research, I will try to make some observations about Mikhail’s translation of the novel. The research began with a general introduction to the translation of Arabic literature into Hebrew, and the reason why orientalists in Israel are interested in Arabic literature, especially in Najīb Maḥfūẓ’s literature, with the view of understanding the nature of the Arab society. The research also examines the translation of As-Sukriyyah to Hebrew. It focused on some of the problems and confusions that Mikhail created in his translation of the novel; these confusions are: the translation of the title, the Arabic names, his lack of methodology in unifying the translation of some words, his neglect of punctuation, and his deletion of some Arabic words, changing of some utterances to some meanings in such a way that was different from the meaning that Maḥfūẓ wanted.Despite the great effort sought by Mikhail in translating the novel, the translated work was flooded with several lapses that influenced the meaning. If Mikhail had given more attention to his work, the translation would have been more accurate and corresponding with the meaning envisaged by Maḥfūẓ.

Abstract Death of a Salesman premiered in 1949, deeply revealing an intuitive understanding of the society at that time. Since then, the tragic masterpiece has been studied hundreds of times in a variety of theories. In the third decade of the twenty-first century, more and more people are pursuing wealth and success, emphasizing on the materialistic in life. It is worth reading Death of a Salesman again. This paper relies on the original playscript rather than others’ theories, and perceives the fusion of the Marxism’s influence on the play through a close reading of the text.

Abstract The present study investigated how English as a foreign language (EFL) writers read and used source texts whilst reading-to-write. Two separate studies were conducted. In Study I, 16 participants were first completing a reading-to-rite task on an eye-tracker, and then a stimulated recall session was performed to elicit their text interpretation processes. In Study II, another 172 participants responded to a reading-to-write process questionnaire after completing the same task. Findings from eye-tracking data, stimulated recalls, and questionnaires showed that the participants engaged in several types of text interpretation processes through task completion, and they were using different reading strategies at various stages of reading-to-write to understand and exploit the text provided in the source materials and in their own writings.

Abstract Considered as having recently sprung up, health literature has suffered a long neglect by critics. However, with the outbreak of COVID-19, the latter has not finished reviving traces of literary pandemic representations. Consequently, much research is nowadays focusing on its collateral interactive impacts with the economy and other sectors while eluding stark thematic similarities that exist with anticipation fiction in terms of aesthetical representation. Thus, through comparative approach, Alex Scarrow’s Last Light is chosen to highlight those parallels with oil fiction. Consequently, the analysis must, firstly, foster that oil fiction does reflect pandemic-like symptoms representations marked by economic and sociocultural substrata. Secondly, oil, like any pandemic, shall invariably influence characters’ mindset in the throes of paranoia, duality, quest for social identity, etc. Thirdly, oil fiction is meant to pervade and seep throughout the whole narrative fabric thereby embedding a literary journalism style and fueling the narrative with aesthetic representations abundant with tropes that inevitably tap into medical, financial, pyramidal, conspiracy metaphors, etc.

Abstract he Color Purple written by Alice Walker is a powerful cultural touchstone of modern American literature to indicate a large number of symbolic images with profound meanings. The paper analyzes the rich meanings contained in the symbolic images and metaphors, and strives to comprehensively interpret and deeply understand the themes and ideological connotations of the novel. An interpretation of the symbolic images indicates that: 1) The symbolic images embodied in the novel reflect Alice Walker’s “overall survival” of her womanism, through which Walker points out the way for black women to realize “overall survival”, through black women’s search for independence in family and society; 2) Alice Walker entitled the novel The Color Purple, which reflects her desire to build a harmonious world. The color pink stands for females while blue stands for males; the color purple, a mixture of pink and blue, symbolizes the unity of black men and women to denote that the harmonious coexistence is expected to be the only way for the black to resist racism and obtain happiness in a multi-cultural society.

Abstract The Egyptian critic ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ḥammouda grew in an important period of the twentieth century that is characterized by benefitting from the Western critical theories. The Arab critics’ responses to them varied in attitude and interaction. In that period, the Arab critic stood at a sharp turning point, torn by his desire to keep up with modernism, and his tendency to create an Arab modernism that establishes a modern critical method. Western modernism fascinated a lot of Arab critics and thus, it prevailed and abolished the identity of the classical and modern Arab critic, who got lost amidst the various critical trends. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ḥammouda’s project embodied one of the most important theoretical references of modern Arab criticism in which he drew from the Arab classical culture and Western cultural wells, combining between the originality of the Arab heritage and the modernism of the incoming Western knowledge. This study discusses in detail Hammouda’s theory and makes conclusions, which are mainly based on his views in his two main books: al-Maraya al-Muḥadaba. Min al-Bunyawiya ila al-Tafkikiya (1999), which was considered by some critics to be antagonistic to the modernistic critics; and al-Maraya al-Muqaʿara naḥwa Naẓariya Naqdiya ʿArabiya (2001). The study concludes that Ḥammouda’s theory constitutes a visionary promising solution that can help get the modernist Arab critics and criticism out of their labyrinth.