Abstract Purpose: The current study’s main goal is to investigate the impact of job stress on deviant workplace behavior in Egyptian firms. More precisely, it an alyzes common job stresses such as role conflict, work overload, and role am biguity, as well as non-job-related stressors such as family-to-work conflict.The proposed model is based on general strain theory. Design/Methodolo gy/Approach: Multiple regression analysis is utilized in this study to investi gate the relationship between variables, and structural equation modeling is used to assess structural links between measured variables and estimate the significance and size of causal linkages between the variables. Finally, a statis tical model’s goodness of fit is used to assess and characterize how well a set of observations fits. It summarizes the discrepancy between the observed val ues and the predicted values under the statistical model. Findings: Results of the study have found that job stress has no direct effect on deviant workplace behavior; however, job satisfaction directs the effect which means that when employees are stressed, their satisfaction may decrease and so their deviant be havior may increase. Research Limitations/Implications: Because of the re search approach and sampling technique used, the research findings may be lim ited in their generalizability. As a result, researchers are encouraged to examine the presented assumptions further. Practical Consequences: The study discusses the implications for the development workplace environment as well as man aging the balance of work and family obligations. Originality/Value: This report addresses an acknowledged need by investigating how deviant workplace behav ior might be reduced.

Abstract Background: The pharmaceutical industry began to rely heavily on new prod uct development looking for achieving an excellent NPL process. That’s why, pharmaceutical marketing started to emphasize the pre-launch phase for the pharmaceutical products and began to apply many strategies, tactics, and ac tivities to ensure launch readiness and successful market understanding and acceptance. Existing literature that elicits theoretical and empirical evidence regarding the pre-launch phase and its impact on the launch readiness is lim ited. Purpose: This research aims to identify the key success factors that impact the excellence of the new product launch process in the pharmaceutical in dustry. Methodology: A theoretical framework was developed from existing relevant literature then tested and empirical research was conducted using qualitative analysis technique via interviews with experts from the pharma ceutical field to get their insights. Findings: The findings indicate that there are 7 factors that are impacting the excellence of the NPL process. These fac tors are cross-functional collaboration, market analysis, pre-launch medical activities, pricing strategies, early access programs, human resources allocation and supply chain management strategies. In addition to that the excellence mea sures have been stratified into qualitative measures, like customer acceptance and gaining high advocacy level of KOLs, and quantitative measures that repre sent the financial success of the drug in terms of rapid market penetration, gaining MS and the magnitude of MS gain. Limitations: The sample size was small and such a small sample size directed the sampling technique to be pur posive sampling which may impact the representation of the total population. Moreover, the empirical data were influenced by the existing factors supposed by literature. Practical Implications: Planning and emphasizing on prelaunch phase is crucial for the excellence of NPL. Moreover, considering the 7 men tioned factors is important for ensuring the qualitative and quantitative success of the new product introduction to the market.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present evidence for the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on international trade. Accordingly, we investigate trade among Sub-Saharan African countries during the first quarter of 2020. The disease problem of COVID-19 is measured based on the number of cases and deaths. The findings of this study show that the COVID-19 problem in exporting coun tries has a significantly negative effect on trade and positive significance in im porting countries. This negative effect of exporters’ COVID-19 crisis is seen in exports from developing countries. The COVID-19 problem in an exporter’s nei ghboring nation has a positive impact on its exports. Importers’ COVID-19 pro blem has positive effects on trade in the agricultural industry, while exporters’ COVID-19 problem has adverse effects, for the most part, in the textile, foot wear, and plastic indust .

Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of net foreign direct in vestment revenues on human development in Cameroon through its Human Development Index (HDI). The data used are from secondary sources, rang ing from 1995 to 2019, and are mainly from the 2018 World Development In dicator (WDI) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). For this reason, we have carried out, through the estimation of an auto-regressive dis tributed lagged model (ARDL), tests of the stationary (Dickey-Fuller Augment ed) and of the co-integration of (Johansen), on the variables defined before ap preciating the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results are at two levels. In the long term, there is a positive relationship between the two varia bles, which is simply justified by the fact that trade opening strengthens access to larger markets and thus contributes to the HDI. This situation offers wider consumer ranges and it could likely, therefore, help to attract more multilateral companies; in the short term, however, the relationship between the two vari ables is negative. This may be primarily due to the fact that export revenues are not used in the context of human capital enhancement, or that the HDI is in fluenced by spending on education. The government’s priority should be to maintain and diversify its investments in social infrastructure and to encourage investments in labor-intensive sectors that benefit the poorest, such as agricul ture, social, and infrastructure.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the company’s financial performance during the COVID-19 pandemic measured by the ratio of liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity. The type of data used in this research is secondary data including financial reports in consumer goods com panies in the food & beverage sub-sector, pharmaceutical companies, and tel ecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020. The financial report data is processed using the finance ratios including liquidity ratios (current ratio, quick ratio), solvency ratio (Debt to Assets Ra tio, Debt to Equity Ratio), activity ratios (Fixed Assets Turnover, Total Assets Turnover Ratio), and profitability ratios (Gross Profit Margin, Return on Eq uity), Return on Investment). Then draw conclusions from that ratio analysis, and make further analyses. From the research results obtained by PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur based on the liquidity ratio, the solvency ratio is declared good, the activity ratio and the profitability are declared less efficient and op timal, but the GPM is declared good. Then the financial performance of PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia based on the liquidity ratio is stated to be not good, the solvency ratio is stated to be quite good, the activity ratio seen from the FATO and TATO analysis is stated to be not good enough and less efficient, based on the profitability ratio GPM is declared good, while the ROE and ROI are stated to be less efficient and not optimal. Furthermore, the financial per formance of PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk based on the liquidity ratio is declared good, solvency is declared good enough, activity is declared not good or efficient, prof itability as seen from the GPM analysis is declared good but ROE and ROI are declared less efficient.

Abstract The “Made in China 2025” focuses on the new environment and new issues facing the long-term development of China’s manufacturing industry, and aims to fundamentally improve China’s international competitiveness of the man ufacturing industry. The competitive advantage of the manufacturing industry will change dynamically under the impetus of continuous technological inno vation, but it is not easy to conclude whether the impact is facilitating or in hibiting. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between technological innovation and international competitiveness in ten manufac turing industries using panel data for the period 2012-2016 selected based on certain criteria. It was found that innovation investment may enter the stage of diminishing marginal benefits, the introduction and absorption of re-inno vation capacity can significantly improve the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, innovation output capacity is not significant, and the role of a technological innovation support system that only considers financial security is also not significant. Policy recommendations are made according ly.

Abstract In this study, the authors demonstrate how Supply Chain Management (SCM) theory has evolved over time and how it applies in the banking industry which represents as one of the service industries. Various milestones of SCM evolu tion in the various industries have been identified by the authors to make it simpler to grasp. To begin with, the inception of logistics was first introduced in the 1950s. It was in the 1970s when logistics was first formed. The concept of supply chain management and the idea of coordinating the activities of en terprises within the chain were created in the 1980s. Logistics and supply chain management were finally separated in the 1990s, and supply chain management underwent a change. Throughout the early 2000s of global financial crisis, cap ital markets were extremely volatile, placing Supply Chain Finance in the spot light, and eventually, the banking industry demanded more rigorous study from the standpoint of SCM. Though there is very little scholarly research in the bank ing industry, the authors intend to accomplish supply chain management mod el in the banking industry. The outcomes of this study will provide new ave nues for research in the supply chain finance and banking industries. Therefore, this research unlocks the further frontiers for the prospective researchers in this area.

Abstract The paper addresses higher education (HE) service quality in China with re spect to higher public education institution using the HESQUAL model. It has identified literature sources of five dimensions in the HESQUAL model and pre sented the HESQUAL model with 48 attributes in five dimensions based on the foregoing research. The researcher concluded the paper by investigating that for decades China’s research on service quality of international students and based on the analysis of literature review from the research on service quality of international students. The researcher has found that the theoretical research was more conducted in the higher education sector than empirical research, and there were gaps between service quality and the perceptions of international students.

Abstract Leadership has been defined as a methodology of social influence in which one individual can engage the aid and the support of others in the achievement of a typical task. For instance, some comprehend a leader essentially as someone whom individuals take after or as someone who guides or motivates individuals, while others characterize leadership as “arranging a group of individuals to attain a typical objective and achieve mutual objectives”. Leadership studies have created several types of theories including traits, function, power, situational interaction, vision, behavior, intelligence and charisma.For instance, the leadership Grid is a situational leadership which is based on two behavioral dimensions—concern for production, plotted on the X-axis on a scale from one to nine points; and concern for people, plotted on a similar scale along the Y-axis. The model proposes that the team leadership style, which displays a high degree of concern for both production and people, may boost employee productivity. This paper addresses Ethics in Leadership and how ethical and unethical leaders affect the performance of employees and addresses at the same time the impact of leadership behavior in different economics whether static or dynamic.

Abstract Innovation-driven development strategy comes from the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics and needs to be deepened, tested and expanded continuously in practice. In order to better guide, promote, enrich and test our innovation practice, this paper decomposes and excavates the connotation of innovation-driven development strategy: innovation-driven development strategy is an important driving force and inevitable choice under the new situation in China, and it is a comprehensive and in-depth, long-term and continuous systematic project. Based on the two connotations of the innovation-driven development strategy, this paper has studied five implementation paths of the innovation-driven development strategy based on the literature analysis method: firstly, scientific and technological innovation should be the “bull’s nose”, secondly, innovative talents should grow healthily and there should be a “blowout” phenomenon, and thirdly, there should be a strong confidence in innovation. Third, there should be a strong confidence in innovation, fourth, we should take the path of combining independent, cooperative and asymmetric innovation, and fifth, we should let the innovation results be transformed. Through the analysis of the connotation of innovation-driven development strategy and the study of the implementation path, we can inject new vitality into the national and regional science and technology development.

Abstract Whether foreign direct investment can promote enterprise productivity and high-quality development has not yet reached a consensus in academic circles. By using the samples of A-share listed companies in China from 2008- 2019, this paper adopts Propensity Score Matching (PSM)—Multi-temporal Difference-in-Differences (DID) to examine empirically whether corporate OFDI contributes to the high-quality development of enterprises from the perspective of total factor productivity. The study finds that OFDI significantly improves the total factor productivity of enterprises. It has more effect on state-owned enterprises than on private enterprises, and more effect on enterprises in western regions than on those in eastern and central regions. However, the promotion effect is not present in non-central policy-supported manufacturing enterprises. Technological innovation, exploratory innovation, and exploitative innovation mediate the relationship between OFDI and enterprise high-quality development. This paper provides empirical evidence for how to better promote enterprise innovation strategy and high-quality development under the “dual circulation” development pattern.

Abstract This paper examines the effect of different residential electrical load profiles (electrical energy consumption patterns within a day) on energy charges for customers with solar panels under different Southern California Edison time-of-use (TOU) rate plans. We identify the TOU plan which would be the most cost effective for solar customers with each load profile. The impact of the orientation of the solar panel array (whether it faces south or west or east) and shading patterns on electricity charges are examined. We also determine the ideal usage offset (the percentage of electricity consumption provided by the solar array) for the various scenarios presented in this paper. We perform these analyses using actual data for the average sized residential customer of Southern California Edison. While the data we examine are based on solar panel production estimates for southern California, the issues we address, and the methods we use, are applicable to virtually any locality. And our analysis reveals how myriad factors impact the economics of residential solar panel systems regardless of location.

Abstract This article aims at systematically reviewing the entire collection of papers published on the development and application of the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) in the last decade. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology has been utilized as a formal systematic literature review standard for data gathering. The analysis encompassed 47 documents devoted to this subject matter, systematically retrieved from the online database Scopus. The findings revealed the necessity for the development of systemic safety assessment approaches to explain performance variability of complex and dynamic socio-technical systems (risk assessment or accident investigation). Indeed, it is crucial to rigorously assess the performance variability throughout safety appraisal since unexpected performance variability can combine in undesirable manners and consequently denotes a threat for safety and losses of human life. However, the FRAM process has some pros and cons as discussed in this review. Consequently, other assessment methods exist to complement the FRAM process.

Abstract Internal migration of the youth especially teenage girls from the five Northern regions of Ghana to the cities of Accra and Kumasi has persisted for over three decades yet no concrete strategies have been put in place to curb the drift which is damaging the human capital base of the country in general and the North in particular. The study therefore examined the challenges bedeviling efforts by stakeholders at curbing the trend. Specific objectives include identifying factors that promote the practice, examining the employment opportunities available to these girls in Accra as well as identifying the difficulties facing stakeholders in curbing the trend. In conducting the study, random sampling technique was used to select 8 out of the 49 markets in Accra metropolis where these girls operate.Purposive sampling technique was used to select the girls for their views while the interview guide technique constituted the main research instrument. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) assisted in analyzing the information captured from the field. The study found out that most of these girls are pushed down to the South for reasons including running away from forced marriages, inequalities in social amenities, the need to gather funds to establish trade back home in the North as well as coming down to look for funds to support parents and siblings back home. Challenges confronting government efforts at curbing the trend include the lukewarm attitude of the migrated girls towards getting back to classroom for formal education and vocational training. Government is also challenged with amassing funds to build decent hostel facilities necessary for ring fencing these girls for education and other life enhancement training packages. The study recommended that government makes conscious effort at educating, training and developing the skills of the migrated girls in addition to improving upon socio-economic conditions in the Northern regions. The Ministry of Health was also asked to deepen family planning awareness campaign in the North to enable parents to have children they can conveniently cater for. The teenage girls’ migration syndrome is really damaging the human capital base of the North and for that matter stakeholders must collaborate to stamp out the practice entirely.