Abstract It provides a theoretical basis for the artificial promotion of the reproduction and regeneration of Liriodendron chinense through exploring the effects of light intensity and seeding density on the seed germination and seedling growth of this rare plant. Controlled experiments were conducted by setting different seeding densities and shading intensities to observe and detect the seed germination and seedling growth under different experimental condi tions. The data were analyzed by SPSS and the model was fitted to calculate the seed germination rate, seedling emergence rate and seedling growth pa rameters of Liriodendron chinense, which were used to analyze the effects of seeding density and light intensity on the seed germination and seedling growth of Liriodendron chinense. Light has a significant impact on the seed germination and seedling growth of Liriodendron chinense (P < 0.01), while seeding density has no remarkable effect on the same (P > 0.05). High density promotes the seedling height (the seedling height showed a rising trend with the increase of seeding density, reaching the highest at 500 seeds/m2. “3-stitch + 300 seeds/m2” combination is an appropriate condition for Liriodendronchinense reproduction since it can realize higher germination rate and better seedling growth potential. The seedling height and basal diameter growth curve of Liriodendron chinense fits well to the Logistic equation (R2 ≥ 0.977).Light has a significant impact on the seed germination and seedling growth of Liriodendron chinense, and appropriate shading treatment can increase the seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate of Liriodendron chinense. Seeding density has little influence on the seed germination rate of Lirioden dron chinense, but high density will promote seedling height.

Abstract Computer analysis of N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide compounds by in silico method revealed high probability of antibacterial (antimycobac terial), anti-tuberculosis (antituberculosic), antiviral (Influenza), antitumor(antineoplastic) 9 > Pa > 0.5 and with a low probability of cytotoxic/cyto static (cytostatic/cytotoxic) activities. An experimental study by in vitro and in vivo methods allowed us to conclude that studied new synthetic compound N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide in the studied concentrations has a pronounced bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects.

Abstract In the 21st Century, Food and Agricultural stakes are sinuously rushing in a difficult legible heading. Crossing a transitory phase period between Agricul ture, Traditional, Urban and Modern, the affirmation of a conquering ali mentary identity and Nationalist openings is confuse with an Extraordinary Demographic Period of human scale history. Millions of people are worried about the innovation of urban agriculture for food and health security. Food education at the confines of the world’s greatest stakes proves necessary, since the order oneself retreat combines with the passion of solidarity and social progress, advance in technology, facilitating our life at same time generating new threats for citizenship. In this Article, we propose another way of reading the heterogeneous world of yesterday, today and tomorrow. Not only for Historians but also by associating Scientific Relations of Social and Human Researchers. Such a step is necessary to endorse the word of reading, for comparism and review of an agriculture in full mutation. It also instigates by referring to History, Social force, Economic stakes and Diplomatic globaliza tion food teste, intention and invention, which change with the everyday society. You will find out that analysis done in this article are sometime completely done events through original texts, assembled around the five fundamental notions: International Relations and Geopolitical Agriculture of yesterday; Yesterday Urban Economic Agriculture; Environmental and Food Climate Stakes, Science and Culture adapted to agriculture and food muta tions.

Abstract Salinity stress limits crop growth and productivity, including legumes in various regions worldwide. The impact of foliar-applied zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) and combined zinc nano-loaded with moringa extracts (ZnONPs) on salt tolerance in faba beans (cultivar, Giza-716) grown under saline soil (50 and 100 mM NaCl) was investigated. Moringa oleifera extract has been used as a chelating agent to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. The crystalline structure, morphology, and chemical composition of ZnO nanoparticles were studied using various characterization techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological, chemical, and biochemical parameters of plants at 60 and 90 days after sowing were assessed. Salinity stress caused a remarkable reduction in growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and proline levels of the faba bean. Foliar spray with ZnNPs and ZnONPs on faba bean grown under saline soils promoted plant growth parameters (i.e., shoot length, numbers of leaves, relative water content, shoot and roots fresh and dry weights), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), proline and mineral elements (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Zn2+) compared to control. However, at 100 mM NaCl, there were no significant variations in the mentioned parameters. This study suggested that there is potential for foliar spraying with ZnNPs and ZnONPs in improving growth parameters, photosynthesis efficiency and biochemical aspects of faba bean plants under saline conditions.

Abstract Tomato is one of the most important fruit crops in the world which is consumed in a variety of ways. The high cost of chemical fertilizers has led to some farmers turning to alternative methods of production, such as the use of bio-fertilizers. Most organic waste may be changed into fertilizer at a low cost of production. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the effect of the application of bio-compost on growth, yield, and quality of tomato; 2) to determine the effects of different bio-compost applications on growth, yield and quality of tomato. The field was marked out into eight blocks. It consisted of four treatments with two replications per treatment. The bio-fertilizer was applied to plots and incorporated into the soil. This study showed that the application of bio-fertilizers made from food waste only, cow dung only, and food waste and cow dung improved plant growth, number of leaves, plant height and fruit yield. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the number of leaves. The study also revealed that the application of bio-fertilizer lowered the number of days to flowering, fruiting, and ripening by 50% as compared to the control group. Promoting the adoption and use of bio-compost made from different waste stream hold the promise to increase tomato production .

Abstract Tomato is one of the most important fruit crops in the world which is consumed in a variety of ways. The high cost of chemical fertilizers has led to some farmers turning to alternative methods of production, such as the use of bio-fertilizers. Most organic waste may be changed into fertilizer at a low cost of production. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the effect of the application of bio-compost on growth, yield, and quality of tomato; 2) to determine the effects of different bio-compost applications on growth, yield and quality of tomato. The field was marked out into eight blocks. It consisted of four treatments with two replications per treatment. The bio-fertilizer was applied to plots and incorporated into the soil. This study showed that the application of bio-fertilizers made from food waste only, cow dung only, and food waste and cow dung improved plant growth, number of leaves, plant height and fruit yield. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the number of leaves. The study also revealed that the application of bio-fertilizer lowered the number of days to flowering, fruiting, and ripening by 50% as compared to the control group. Promoting the adoption and use of bio-compost made from different waste stream hold the promise to increase tomato production .

Abstract Bambara groundnut (BGN) is a protein-rich pulse with the ability to lead to more climate-resilient agriculture. The objective of this study was to review Alectra vogelii as a potential threat to BGN production as a result of climate change. However, the crop faces biotic and abiotic stresses. Alectra vogelii is a major biotic constraint to BGN production, especially in Africa’s non-fertile semi-arid regions. Alectra vogelii (L.) Benth is a parasitic weed in the Orobanchaceae family that causes major damage by forming haustoria attached to roots to enable absorption of nutrients from the BGN. Alectra vogelii produces a large number of minute seeds that can live in the soil for up to 20 years. Based on the reviewed literature, various control mechanisms for dealing with the harmful effects of Alectra vogelii have been proposed. The aim of this research was to reveal the effect of Alectra vogelii on BGN and possible control strategies. We discuss the different control methods such as cultural and mechanical management procedures, phosphorus fertilizers and resistant host crops, herbicide use, and integrated Alectra vogelii control methods. In adaptive methods, however, new techniques remain important. The life cycle of root parasitic weeds is inextricably linked to that of their host, making it an ideal target for such new control techniques, especially when aimed at the early stages of the host-parasite relationship. This review reveals additional information on the function of parasitic seed, strigolactones and how they can be used in breeding to management parasitic weeds.

Abstract Seedling vigor in tomato and paprika is affected by variety. Genotype selection under environmental stresses and its effects on seedling vigor was investigated. During the year 2021, the study was carried out and it revealed an appropriate selection for open field gardeners. The selection of two droughttolerant, and one non-drought tolerant cultivars was the initial stage. Six commercial genotypes were evaluated (three for tomato and three for paprika). The second phase involved planting cultivars till the cotyledon leaves phase, and the first set of true leaves. Seedlings were investigated under simulated environmental stresses of non-ideal temperatures, low humidity, closed spacing, minimum light dose, nutrient-deficient water, and spraying a lower dosage of salicylic acid. The evaluation of seedling’s growth was performed by measuring germination percentage, seedling length, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and seedling vigor index. Tomato (Mobil) and paprika (Carma) seedlings outperform other varieties, possibly because of the variety’s vigor under various stress conditions. These findings reveal that tomato (Mobil) and paprika (Carma) had a positive impact on development and may be raised under optimal conditions of nurseries and then be transferred to open-air environmental and biological exposed conditions in Hungary.

Abstract Several on-site greywater treatment systems are under development including biofiltration, whose efficiency is influenced by the filter media. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the type of filter media and their grain size in the removal of organic and microbial pollutants from greywater. Hence, three types of local filter media of different grain size were used for the pre-treatment of greywater. Their removal potential and clogging time were evaluated and compared. The results indicated that the type of filter media and the grain size have an influence on the elimination of organic and microbial pollution from greywater. Indeed, sand of 1 - 2 mm in size obtained the highest removal efficiencies of organic pollutants (67.35% and 78.04% for COD and BOD5 respectively) and microbial indicators (2.07, 1.77 and 2.27 log. units for E. coli, fecal coliforms and enterococci respectively). Although media of fine texture enhanced the removal efficiencies, they experienced significant clogging problems. To overcome these limitations while enhancing the removal efficiency, 1) pre-treatment stage with coarse materials followed by a treatment with finer materials or 2) the use of a combination of fine and coarse materials should be considered .

Abstract The present study, which aims to contribute to the valorization of Capsicum chinense, focuses on ethnobotanical investigations and evaluation of insecticidal activity on Sitophilus zeamaïs and Aphis craccivora, as well as the germination power of infected maize and peanut grains treated and not treated with Capsicum chinense leaf powder. To do this, the moisture content of corn and peanuts was determined by the techniques: drying in the sun and in the oven. The insecticidal effect of the powder was tested on maize and peanut kernels infected by the AGRAR (2013) method, followed by a test of the germination potency of these treated grains. The average moisture values of corn and groundnut kernels are 14.51% and 12.25% respectively. The results show, a higher insecticidal efficacy of Capsicum chinense leaf powder on Sitophilus zeamaïs and Aphis craccivora with doses (2, 4 and 8 g). The average germination rates of maize and peanut kernels infected and treated with this powder are: (16.5%; 63%; 99.5%) and (21.25%; 96.5%; 99.75%), respectively. This study could be a bio-insecticide alternative for the peasant community in the conservation of cereal and legume products.

Abstract Induced BVOC emissions from pyrolyzed plants that may accumulate in confined topographies have been a controversy for their role in wildfire eruptions or flashovers. α-pinene (C10H16) is one of the most abundant monoterpenes emitted from pyrolyzed Mediterranean vegetation in wildfires. Its thermal degradation under fire thermal stresses produces a range of highly flammable gases. In order to identify these products, thermal degradation experiments were performed on α-pinene in a tubular furnace in an inert atmosphere and a high-temperature range (300˚C - 900˚C). The pyrolysis products were identified using gas chromatography (GC) linked to a tubular furnace outlet by which their retention times were compared with those of reference standards. The degradation products were mainly terpenoids, aliphatic hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene), and aromatics (benzene, toluene) in addition to hydrogen. The radical mechanisms of the chemical reactions associated with the formation of the products at different experimental temperatures were addressed and compared with the literature. Monoterpenes, butadiene, isoprene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatics formations from α-pinene were consistent with the literature. However, even if benzene has been identified in our experiments, we cannot support with certainty the mechanisms of its formation described in the literature since acetylene was not observed.